One-horned beetle, whose scientific name is "bifurcated rhinoceros beetle", is an insect belonging to the genus Rhinocerotidae of the superfamily Rhinocerotinae and is named after the male insect's well-developed forehead horn. Distributed in eastern and southern China, as well as Japan, Thailand and other places, they mostly inhabit evergreen or deciduous broad-leaved forests. The larvae depend on the humus formed by the leaf soil or dead wood under the forest for food, so they have high requirements for the original nature of the forest. The unicorn fairy is included in the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Protected by the State and Beneficial or of Important Economic and Scientific Research Value" in China. It has high ornamental value and medicinal value, and is often kept as a pet.

Body length 30-50 mm (excluding forehead), body length 20-30 mm wide, the body is oval in shape, the back surface of the body is smooth or slightly hairy, and the ventral surface is more hairy. Body color varies greatly among individuals, ranging from dark red to reddish brown to pure black. Sometimes the color of the head, thorax and elytra of the same individual will also be different. The head is small, the compound eyes are dark reddish brown, the antennae have 10 segments, of which the gills are composed of 3 segments, and the upper lip is in the shape of an upturned flat shovel. The shoulder warts and terminal warts of the elytra are well developed, and the longitudinal ribs are only roughly distinguishable. The croup is very short, broad and strongly arched. The legs are stout, with three teeth on the outer edge of the tibia of the forefoot, two teeth on the base teeth away from the end, and a pair of claws on the end of the foot.

The sexual dimorphism is obvious. The male has a well-developed forehead horn, 15-35 mm long, extending forward, with the end bent upward and divided into four forks (smaller individuals may only have two forks) , a pronotum protrudes forward from the center of the pronotum, bends slightly downward, and bifurcates at the end. The female has only a small bulge on the top of her forehead, no prothoracic and dorsal horns, and a Y-shaped shallow depression on the sterno-dorsal plate. The male's back is brighter, while the female's back is thicker and darker. The male's front legs are significantly longer than those of the female. Adult insects are extremely powerful and can pull objects dozens of times heavier than their bodies. Even beneficial insects can also be pests, because excessive numbers of adult insects may harm the forest.

The larvae are commonly known as "chicken worms" and have a fat body that can grow up to about 10 centimeters. The head is hard and densely dotted. The front is black and the edges are reddish brown. It has chewing mouthparts and powerful jaws. Only traces of the degeneration of the single eye remain. The other parts of the body are relatively soft, often C-shaped, milky white or beige, and the body surface is translucent; there are 9 pairs of valves on both sides, which are large and open without valves; there are sparse setae on the body surface; the six limbs are short and mobile. Mainly by body movement. The peak weight of female larvae is generally 20-25 grams, while the male larvae can reach 30-40 grams. The larvae live inside humus or sawdust piles and generally do not expose themselves to the outside.

Under natural conditions, adults begin to appear in early summer, most often in June to July, and most adults will die by September. Adults are mostly diurnal and nocturnal, with peak activity in the first few hours of the night after sunset, and are phototactic. Adults like to feed on tree sap or ripe fruits. Although they have chewing mouthparts, their feeding methods are highly specialized. They first scratch the bark or fruit skin with their shovel-shaped upper lips, and then lick them with their brush-like tongues. Sap or fruit. Male adults are aggressive and will fight with their foreheads in order to compete for food and sexual rights. During the fight, the forehead is often inserted under the opponent's body, and the opponent is lifted up and overturned. The one who is lifted up is the loser.

Mature male adults have a strong desire to ejaculate, and will try to ejaculate whenever they encounter a female adult. However, female insects are more resistant to jap, especially those that have already undergone jap, and will try their best to escape from the male. The male will use its hind legs and middle legs to cling to the bark of the tree, and its front legs will hug the female for sexual intercourse. The jp process can last from a few minutes to dozens of minutes. JP will shorten the lifespan of male insects, so in the wild the lifespan of male adults is only about 1 month, while the lifespan of female adults can be up to 3 months. However, the lifespan of male adults can reach 3 months without JP. Under normal circumstances, one successful ejaculation is enough to fertilize all the female eggs. The female will start laying eggs a few days after jp.

The eggs are milky white or light yellow. , the newly laid eggs look like rice grains, and will gradually expand into a spherical shape the size of mung beans as they develop. The incubation process takes about 10 days when the temperature and humidity are suitable. The newly hatched larvae are first-instar larvae. After about one month, they molt into second-instar larvae, and after another month or so, they molt again into third-instar larvae. The third instar larvae has the longest period of 6-8 months, which will lengthen and shorten with changes in the temperature of the growing environment. Larval body weight reaches its peak in the middle of the third instar. The larvae at the end of the third instar stop eating, use their bodies to squeeze out an ellipsoidal chamber in the soil, and reinforce the chamber walls with feces and secretions to form a pupal chamber.

The larvae enters the pre-pupal stage in the pupal chamber. The body becomes shorter, the color turns yellow, and the epidermis becomes wrinkled. Soon after, it molts, that is, it pupates. The pupa is dark yellow and has no movement ability. Only its abdomen can twist. After more than 20 days, the pupa of the rhinoceros has emerged. The elytra of the newly emerged adult are white and soft, and after a few hours, they become dark and hardened. The newly emerged adults do not eat or move, and will continue to hibernate in the pupa chamber for more than ten days, then emerge from the soil and begin to forage and ejaculate. The rhinopterus is an insect with a "complete metamorphosis" development type, that is, it will go through four stages: egg, larvae, pupa and adult stages. Each year is one generation (that is, the entire process of the rhinoceros from larvae to adult to death. The life cycle is basically 1 year).