It’s a cliche to talk about thrush.

1. Identification of the physical characteristics of each part of the thrush

(1) Head shape

Big square head, small square head, shaved bamboo head, and deep long head as well. The head is square, the forehead is wide, and the eyes are on the forehead, which gives the bird a majestic and majestic look, making it a top-grade thrush. Others, such as loach heads, clam shell heads, Daoguan heads, betel nut heads, olive heads, etc., are not advisable if they are round and short and not plump and majestic enough.

(2) Eyes

Looking at the eyes is what is often referred to as looking at "eye sand". This is one of the important basis for judging the fighting spirit and singing quality of thrush. It is also an issue of great concern to thrush enthusiasts.

Generally, the structure of bird eyes is composed of bipolar cells and ganglion cells. Many neurons in the retina can process the images and information obtained by the thrush, and then transmit them to the brain. Can direct the flight and actions of birds in nature. Eyes of various colors contain unique visual pigments, such as blue-sensitive pigments, red-sensitive pigments, and green-sensitive pigments. These visual pigments can perform unique functions to adapt to the birds' flight in various climates and conditions. action.

On the outside of the eyeball, there is a layer of nictitating membrane, which is open at ordinary times and closed tightly when flying. It plays the role of waterproofing, dustproof and protecting the eyeball. The outermost layer is the eye ring, which also protects the airway from wind and dust during flight.

A good thrush's eyes should be sharp, sharp, clear "eye sand", and bright in color. The general sentence is: the eyelids should be thin, the pupils should be small, and the contraction should be sensitive. The color of the "eye sand" must be clear, that is to say, under any circumstances, the thrush can rely on its eyes to make accurate judgments about the environment, accompanied by quick and sensitive responses. Only in this way can we say that this thrush has good eyes. .

The steps to see "eye sand" are as follows:

The first step is to observe the eye complexion under three lights (that is, not under direct sunlight). The eye complexion of each bird all different. Common colors include green, brown, blue, black and so on.

The second step is to observe the color of the eye under strong light. Under strong light, it can be seen that the pupil of the bird's eye shrinks and the complexion shrinks to the edge of the eye. When observing the bird's eye, what you see is the background color of the eye. Common fundus colors include mung bean, green, light blue, dark blue, yellow and red, etc. At the same time, bits and pieces of "eye sand" of varying thickness can also be seen under the eyes.

"Eye sand" is different, some are thick and some are thin, some are dense and some are sparse, some are thick at the edges and thin in the middle, etc. The "eye sand" itself has different colors: golden trachoma, the sand is like gold; silver trachoma, the sand is white and shiny; iron trachoma, the sand is green with black; there are also milky white and other colors.

The darker color of the fundus of the eyes is better, and the thicker color of the "eye grit" is better.

(3) Eyebrows

As the saying goes: "The eyebrows of the thrush are the legs of the lark." When choosing thrush, it is very important to look at the eyebrow shape of the thrush.

Just drag the white eyebrows from the eye circles to the brain, there are the following types:

Line eyebrows, the eyebrow lines are as long as a line.

Bamboo eyebrows are short and thick and do not extend to the back of the head.

Plumb eyebrows, eyebrows arranged intermittently like pearls.

Arrow eyebrows, the eyebrows are like arrow shafts reaching to the back of the head (see the head pattern diagram).

The above eyebrow styles are all top-grade, and they are the eyebrow styles of the thrush who is good at barking and aggressive. Other eyebrow styles, such as antler eyebrows, with branched eyebrows at the end; stick eyebrows, thick and slightly drooping, etc. are the next best.

If there is a mole on the eyebrow, it is called "Tai Mei". If it is a double nevus, it is preferable. If it is a single nevus, it means that the bird is unstable and has a strange personality. Careful observation is required to identify it.

(4) Tiepi

Tiepi refers to the fleshy skin of the eye circle, that is, the eye ring, commonly known as Tiepi. If the skin color is as dark green as iron, it is of the best quality. If it is light green and light yellow, it is still desirable. If it is all white but no skin color is visible, it is called "pink", which is not desirable.

(5) Claws

It can be viewed from two aspects. First look at the character of the feet, and secondly look at the size of the soles of the feet.

In Huamei jargon, there is a saying that "one's paws count the tendons of beef". The colors of thrush paws can be divided into: beef tendon, rattan, purple bamboo, ebony, ginger skin and other colors.

Beef tendon color can be divided into white beef tendon and yellow beef tendon. Those with white tendons have white toes, claws, and legs. If the beef tendon is yellow, the color will be all yellow.

For those with cane feet, the thrush's feet will look old, and if they are thick and shiny, they can be considered top quality.

The feet with claws like pine bark or ginger skin are the second best.

Amaranth color refers to a color that is not pure enough.

Although the purple bamboo and ebony colors can be considered good, they are far inferior to the beef tendon color.

Secondly, it depends on the width of the soles of the feet. Thrushes with thick and long claws are of the highest quality. The toes are short and the palms are small and thin.

Some old thrushes have a faint bleeding red color between their toes, which some people call blood tendons. In fact, this is not the original color of the bird's toes. It is a sign of the bird's stable and strong mood after the bird sings on the clear pond in winter. In some birds, blood-red color appears in the mouth at the same time. If this state occurs, it means that the thrush has entered the period of fighting and singing.

The toes of all thrushes that are raised properly and vigorously will mostly show this state, especially those with yellow tendon or white tendon feet, which are more obvious and are not blood tendons.

(6) Hairy legs

The two hairy legs of the thrush are often covered by two wings and are not easy to see. They must be identified when they are beating. The Lord means clearly seeing whether the bird's legs are long or short, flat or round. If a bird's legs are long and round, with thick fur, it will be the first to lose due to fear of pain during a fight. If the hairy legs are flat and short, the legs will not be exposed when fighting birds. This kind of bird is a top-grade bird.

The so-called hairy legs are good, which means that the thrush thighs should be short and the hair should be thin. If the legs are too long and the hair is too thick, although it looks good when standing, when two birds fight, the hairy legs will be exposed in front of the other bird and easily pecked by the other bird. This part is the most vulnerable part of the avian artery

to be damaged. If it is injured and bleeds excessively, the bird will die. Therefore, the previous experience that the hairy legs should be shorter is very well founded.

(7) Nose shape

Thrush’s nozzle is best if it looks like a bamboo root. The top-grade bamboo shoots with thick tips and roots are in the shape of a spring. There is also a three-edged sword, which is shaped like a three-edged sword with a sharp edge and a thick, straight beak. The snout as short as a nail is called a nail snout. The above mouth shapes are all top grade. If the beak is shaped like a bridge, an ox horn, or a bamboo shoot shell, and is bent, hollow, and shelled, and the upper and lower beaks do not fit together, it cannot be used as a fighting bird because the beak is not in good shape and cannot be used as a fighting weapon. However, as a simple "singing" bird, it still lives up to its name.

The mouth comes in different colors such as yellow and green. If the mouth is yellow, it should be as yellow as yellow wax; if the mouth is green, it should be as green as an ox horn, then it is of the highest quality.

Finally, we also need to look at the thickness of the beak shape. If the beak is thick, wide and full, you will not be afraid of birds fighting ten cages. If the beak is thin and narrow, when fighting birds encounter "jaw" (that is, two birds fighting with the beak inserted into the beak), they will be unable to resist and lose.

(8) Feathers

Look at it from two aspects, on the one hand, look at the feathers of the entire bird body, and on the other hand, look at the thickness of the feathers.

The color of the feathers varies slightly due to the different birthplaces and living environments of thrushes, but they are generally composed of different shades of brown and black stripes, including green, yellow, black and white. Cyan can be divided into pink, tea and tender green. Yellow can be divided into tea yellow and tender yellow. Purple hair refers to the different shades of brown, and there is only a slight variation in the hair front. There is a saying in the past that "if the hair all over the body is red, it must be a person who is eager to fight and will not last long".

It is common for some thrushes to have several white feathers on their wings and tail feathers, which are called "pin feathers". This is caused by the lack of pigment feed during the moulting period, which is different from those with white or black hair. The former can transform into normal feather color after adding pigment feed during moulting. The latter is due to an inherited gene mutation. It is rare to see one among millions of birds, so it is a rare product.

The heavy black stripes on the feathers indicate the ups and downs of the bird's character, which the breeder must know. Discussing the thickness, softness and hardness of the pornographic film. Breeders must carefully identify the ones with thin and hard coats, followed by those with soft coats as thick as cotton blankets.

(9) Biliary hairs

The gray-white part of the front of the hair from the chest to the lower abdomen is called biliary hairs. Viewed from the front, a bird with a broad and wide chest with gallbladder parts separated to both sides is preferred. Breasts as narrow as a chicken are not advisable.

(10) Shoulder frame

The shoulder frame of the thrush determines the quality of the thrush. It is always better to have a long and wide shoulder frame, but it will not look good if the shoulder frame is narrow. The olive shape and the double hook shape are discussed separately, which will be described in the overall identification.

(11) Tail feathers

The quality of the tail can be distinguished by lightness, weight, and length. A light tail is valuable, and a short tail is even more desirable. Heavy tail and long tail are a taboo when choosing thrush. The black lines on the tail should also be lighter, not too thick.

(12) Tail tip

Refers to the coverts below the base of the tail feathers. If the tail tip hair is not long enough and is not neat and plump, it will appear tight at the front and empty at the back. The back-air bird is too short, has poor strength when fighting and singing, and cannot last long in a fight.

(13) Wings

Thrush lingo says, "The best thing to look at is the wings of the cicada in the autumn forest. Cicadas have thin and round wings." The rounded tips, length, and thickness of the wings are related to the thrush. All parts are required to be the same, but it is always best if the length of the wing feathers exceeds the tail tip hair. Just like eagles, harriers, and parrots, those with longer wings are special. If the wings overlap and cross each other, such as a swallow-tail shape or a scissors shape, it is generally not liked by people.

The above is the identification of the characteristics of each part of the thrush shape.

2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of a thrush based on its body shape

When people carry a thrush cage, when we look at it, the first thing we see is the shape of the bird, and then the overall image of the thrush. To identify the pros and cons of thrush as a whole, where to start? This is a very important issue for thrush breeders.

(1) Gourd shape

The song says:

The body is like a gourd but the tail should be light, and the head is like peeling bamboo and its tip is like a nail.

Born with a pair of strong tendons and legs, he can defeat all nine cages in one cage and win.

This is that the overall image of the losing thrush is like a gourd, with a small upper body and a round and thick lower body, with a shaved bamboo head, a pair of tendon-colored feet, a short and light tail, and eyebrows shaped like hanging beads. Coupled with the green nail tips of the horns, the hair is thick and hard, which can be called top quality.

(2) Duck shape

The song says:

The image of a thrush duck looks flat, wide and long;

Small square The hair is the best, and the eyes are bright green.

There is also an iron match, the arrow shaft and the eyebrows are normal;

By nature, he is good at singing and fighting, who can be the best in a fight.

This is a bird that talks about the body shape of a duck. The key point is to look at the flatness, width and length of the body. Coupled with cyan eyes, green eye sand, a small square head, and arrow-shaped eyebrows, the thrush with this appearance is a good bird that is good at singing and fighting.

(3) Shrimp head

The song says:

The big square head has been born, and the truth is like a shrimp head;

It is born There are green and black combinations, and the three-pointed mouth is nailed.

He was born with a pair of yellow eyes, with golden sand shining in the middle.

The battle is fierce and fierce, and it must be the general.

The toad shape refers to the upper part of the thrush. Birds with this shape are born with a large square head, chicken-yellow eyes with gold dust, and black-yellow eyes

(4 ) Tiger shape

The verse says:

The tiger shape is round and stable, with a thick and wide body;

The head is thick and strong, and the eyes are big and green.

Sex is similar to that of an eagle, with beef tendon-colored legs.

This is the tiger-shaped famous brand.

This kind of bird has a round body, a thick neck, a large square head, big green eyes, two rabbit eyes facing forward, light and short tail feathers, and a pair of beef tendon-colored paws, so it is called "Tiger". shape".

(5) Starling shape

The song says:

The big square head is like no other, the starling eyes are chicken yellow;

There is more golden sand Dot, big and long.

It is matched with blue eyes and a pair of ox tendons and feet;

It is more like to be born with short legs, and it is best for fighting and singing.

A starling-shaped bird mainly refers to a bird that is similar in shape to a starling and is large in size. It has a large square head, chicken-yellow eyes with gold dust, iron-blue eyelids, and beef tendon-colored feet. The legs and feet are short. Birds with this shape can be classified as top-grade birds.

(6) Double hook shape

The song says:

The best thrush is not one kind,

It is also called Shuangyun .

Luckily it was born with a light tail, but it is even more precious that it has a long head;

When I shouted loudly on the shelf, I saw that its head was evenly hooked and its tail was hooked.

The front and back can be matched, and you will definitely come out on top in a fight.

Huangtou* is so obvious, how can he not know that the eyebrows are double-hooked?

The double-hook shape of the thrush is a special body shape, but it must be paired with a deep, long head and an iron ruler and thin tail to be considered a good bird. This kind of bird has a long body and short legs, so it is rare to raise its head. Especially when singing, its tail feathers are often hooked under the stick, and its head is not raised upward.

(7) Shuttle shape

The song says:

The front and rear tips are not long and wide. Houdu looks at the middle.

The head shape is similar to that of cut bamboo, and the nail tip is not bad.

The hair is dark green and hard, with a thin tail and short, round legs.

The triangular eyes resemble buckwheat, which is also a top-grade thrush.

The shapes of shuttle-shaped birds and double-hook-shaped birds are similar. The middle part of the shuttle-shaped bird's body is wider and thicker. The body of the spindle-shaped bird is stronger than that of the double-hook bird. The body of the double-hook bird is rounder and thinner than that of the spindle-shaped bird.

The head and neck are like shaved bamboo, which means the head is pointed in front and the back of the brain is deep and long. The tail tip hair is particularly plump and the tail feathers are light. Such a bird may be called a spindle-shaped bird.

(8) Five Changs

The verse says:

The Five Changs are unusual and rare, and they are born with the Five Changs.

The long head must be flat and broad, and the long mouth is not a bridge;

There is also a line between the eyebrows, and the wings are thin and long;

The body must be well matched. The following items are accompanying you.

Look at the thick legs, long toes and short toes, scratching the head and hitting the head without peer.

The so-called "five lengths" are head length, mouth length, eyebrow length, body length, and wing length. With this characteristic, the five-length bird is easy to identify, but its tail feathers cannot be long. A long tail means it is heavy, so it must not be ignored when selecting a bird.

(9) Five shorts

The song says:

The five longs are called generals, and the five shorts are also called generals.

The eyebrows are like bamboo shoots, and the legs are short and old like beef tendons;

The body is round, short and strong, and the tail is short and light with horizontal branches;

Short and thin neck With two wings, there are rumors of fighting everywhere.

People who are called "Five Shorts" have short eyebrows, round bodies, short legs, short tails, and short wings. Also check whether the bird's body is round and strong, whether the head shape is large or small square, and whether the grains of sand in the eyes are clear to be considered top quality.

The above-mentioned several body shape characteristics can be used as a reference when choosing thrush, but you should not stick to the above. There is no need to require that the overall image and the characteristics of each part must meet the above-mentioned standards, as long as If the body shape is suitable and other parts have the characteristics of a good bird, the bird can be considered a good bird. For example, a large square head in the shape of "Myna" is paired with "Yellow Eyes", "Yellow Eyes" is changed to "Green Eyes" or "Dark Blue Eyes", the eyes are clear, and its legs, feet and hair meet any of the above standards. The requester is still a superior bird and can still be classified into the "starling" shape. Therefore, when choosing a bird, the overall characteristics and the characteristics of each part can be freely combined, and through comprehensive analysis, everyone's favorite thrush can be selected.

3. Several variants of thrush:

(1) Wuhua

The song says:

From the perspective of Pinmao There are a few, but five peanuts are a bit strange;

There are patches of white clouds on the head, and a few drops of white snow on the back;

The wings are lightly covered with powder, and the white flowers on the tail are like pears.

I prefer two elbows covered with snow, and it is also suitable for storage in carved cages.

The so-called "five flowers" means that the head, back, wings, tail and elbows all have white hair. The white hair varies in shade and thickness and is a rare variant.

(2) Carrying a sword

The song says:

Regardless of the image of the thrush, why is it called carrying a sword?

No matter the color of the coat, the flower arrangement on the back is clear.

There is only one piece of hair on the whole body, neither left nor right.

The white hair in the middle is like silver.

"Sword Back" means no matter what shape of head or figure, as long as there is a small piece of white hair in the middle of the back, it can be called "Sword Back".

(3) Pure white

The song says:

The whole body is covered in snow-white fur, which is shocking at first sight.

He was born with the appearance of a white bird, and his head is as straight as a shaved bamboo.

Born with a purple pair and piercing green eyes.

The white cow has sinews and feet, no one dares to fight and refuses to submit.

Commonly known as the King of Thrushes, his image is better than metal.

Pure white means that the whole body has white hair, like a white bird. The ancients once painted a completely white thrush, which is an extremely rare variant.

(4) Pure black

The song says:

Pure black is strangely born, with no stray hairs or interruptions.

Look at it How is the image? Born absolutely like a parrot.

My legs and feet are already made of rattan, and I like my eyes to be bright green;

My whole body is astonishingly beautiful, and I wear the makeup of General Dark Clouds.

Pure black, its feathers are all black, there is no stray hair on its body, and its shape is like a parrot. It can be regarded as a rare item among the mutants.

(5) Thousands of Millet

The song says:

Thrushes have different colors, the purple hair and black spots are more fierce.

Not only are they scattered like stars, they are also like millet filled with thousands of species.

The head and feet are naturally matched, who dares to meet it.

Thousands of kinds of millet means that there are black spots on the blue-red hairs, but they are not limited to any one place, and even the black spots are all over the body. Only such a bird can be called "thousands of kinds of millet".

(6) Ten Thousand Points of Gold

The song says:

Light green hair is of the highest quality, and yellow hair is hard to find.

The truth is like ten thousand points of gold, shining in people’s eyes.

He was born with a square head and eyebrows, and a sweet voice from his yellow mouth.

Hit the enemy in bloody battles.

This kind of bird has light green fur all over the body, with bits and pieces of yellow on the feathers. The feather color is already a rare product. Coupled with the square head, short eyebrows and yellow beak, it is a good product with all the bells and whistles.

(7) A rack full of grapes

The song says:

The whole body is covered with green hair, and the green hair and white spots are hard to describe.

It looks like bunches of grapes on a green frame;

The head looks like a shaved bamboo, and the wings and tail are white with frost hair;

It also matches the white beef tendon. Feet, never take mercy in a fight.

A full rack of grapes, that is, there are little white hairs on the green hairs, covering the head, back, wings, and tail, all over the body.

(8) Red hair

The song says:

There is also a kind of red hair, which matches well with purple.

The head is deep and long, and the mouth is undoubtedly like yellow wax.

The beef tendons are yellow and the legs are very strange, with round wings and short legs;

The hair and green There is a difference between red and any good bird is difficult to defeat.

Not all red-haired thrushes have reddish cyan hairs, and some have reddish brown hairs, but they are not particularly red. Commonly known as the "big red robe", this type of thrush is more common in alpine areas.

(9) Pinmao

Ge Jue said:

The eyebrows are drawn in different colors. Brown and greenish-yellow;

There are patches of white hair, which looks as clean as frost;

The growth location is uncertain, it does not matter whether it is up or down;

The quality of the hair is It has its own number, and it is because of its clever makeup.

Pinmao refers to the white fur pieces inserted into the whole body. It is a common phenomenon and is commonly known as "flower sparrow". It is not surprising. This is mostly due to the lack of pigment in the food of the thrush during the feather-falling period, resulting in the growth of gray-white feathers.

The so-called "white king and black general" is just a legend from the past. But the white thrush described by ancient poets, if it exists, is just an extremely rare feather mutation among millions of birds.

Mutated animals are very important to people. For example, the common barn swallow has black feathers and emits blue light. It was called black bird in ancient times. However, white swallows also appear in nature, such as the record in "Compendium of Materia Medica" that "people see white swallows...". There is a dipped specimen of a white swallow in the Zhejiang Museum (collected in July 1949). Another example is the Biological Bulletin's report that a flowered sparrow was discovered in Chengguan Middle School in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, and that someone caught a white sparrow with red eyes from a nest in Yunxiao No. 1 Middle School in Fujian Province (it is reported that the above two sparrows have been made into specimens) save). This phenomenon of feather color turning white is a type of mutation.

The variation of organisms is also related to their living environment, but it is mainly determined by changes in the structure of their own genetic material. The mutant thrush caught above is also formed by genetic mutation of birds. Under the influence of certain conditions, it causes changes in the structure of genetic material (changes in the molecular structure of individual genes on the chromosome), causing mutated. The emergence of mutant thrushes is not surprising. But if the overall image does not match the various parts of the body (such as good eyes, paws, head shape, hair pieces), part of the appreciation value will be lost.

4. Identification of general inferior products

(1) Tender green hair

The song says:

Tender green hair is the most undesirable. The betel-nut round head is ugly;

The eyes must be small green, pink and cross-winged;

It is more of a ginger character, and the mouth and nails are average;

This type Although they are considered inferior, it is really difficult to win in a confrontation.

Betel nut has a round head and small and narrow fingers. With its small green eyes and bridge-shaped beak, this bird is only worth singing.

(2) Fresh yellow hair

The song says:

The hair on the body is like cow dung, the beak is really like a bridge,

The head is like a crab Taoist crown, the eyes are as white as sheep;

If you look at the feet from the pink one, they are not purple bamboo, like pine and ginger.

It can only moan but not fight. This kind is called tender yellow.

The various head shapes, eye shapes, and body structures listed above are for reference only, and must not be copied mechanically when selecting birds. A Huamei is better in terms of body shape, head shape, eyesores, hair patches, etc., and has no obvious problems, so it’s fine. It is not easy to choose a perfect eyebrow.

What is particularly important to mention here is that from the above standards, the selection of thrushes is always from the perspective of fighting. Why is there no standard for selecting chicken-singing thrushes?

The main reason is that any male thrush can sing different tones, and only thrushes selected according to the criteria of strong fighting ability are truly good birds that can sing well. Therefore, although people have different viewing angles and breeding purposes, when selecting thrushes, they can only choose birds according to the criteria of strong fighting nature.

After choosing a good thrush, if you want the bird to meet your requirements, you have to work hard on domestication and training. A thrush only has good looks, but it cannot be considered a good thrush if it is not good at singing and fighting. Therefore, when raising thrushes, you must also pay attention to domestication and training.