The collection of basic principles of budgerigar genes will explain the complete types and examples of budgerigar mutation genes. The basic principles of budgie genes will pave the way for the introduction of budgie mutation genes to facilitate subsequent reading. This collection has compiled a total of 38 species of budgerigar mutant genes, and explanations of professional vocabulary will be attached at the end of the article.

The Pat gene we usually refer to, or the more commonly used name in China, "cloud spotted" budgerigar, is generally a collective name for the four Pat genes, which are:

These four genes include dominant and recessive Pied genes. In this issue, we will introduce Dominant Pied (Australian Pied, Dominant Pied).

Dominant Pat is a more commonly used name for the Australian Pat gene in China. The dominantly inherited Pat gene refers to Australian Pat in a narrow sense, because this flower color is more common and is an autosomal chromosome. Completely dominant, that is, as long as one of the parent birds has the dominant Pat gene, the chick will have a half chance of being Pat. Dominant Pat usually refers to single-factor dominant Pat.

01 Dominant Pat appearance characteristics

All Pats Genetically engineered budgies are characterized by plate-like pigment loss. In green budgies, it appears yellow; in blue budgies, it appears white. These plate areas lack melanin. The remainder is normal body color.

Since the Bright Feather Pat gene is also completely autosomal dominant, in a broad sense, Bright Feather Pat is also a "dominant Pat". The following content will explain the Australian Pat gene and Bright Feather Pat. The Yupaite gene is used for comparison to help distinguish between the two. The "dominant Pat" appearing below all refers to the Australian Pat gene.

The Australian Pat is very similar to the Bright-feathered Pat in appearance, with black stripes on its neck and large solid-color feathers on its wings and abdomen. The main difference between the two is that the Australian Pat, that is, the dominant Pat, lacks melanin in the feathers mainly in the middle and lower parts of the chest and abdomen, and the upper part of the chest is always a normal body color. There is a clear interface between the cheek points of the head and the color of the body.

The pigment loss of Bright Feather Pat is located on the chest and abdomen, always adjacent to the cheek point of the head.

The area of ​​pigment loss on the flight feathers of the Australian Pat is larger than that of the bright flight feathers. The dominant Pat usually lacks pigment in the primary and secondary flight feathers, but this It cannot be used as a basis for judging genes because pat patterns are ever-changing.

Adult budgies with the Australian Pat gene have white eye circles, while adult budgies with the recessive Pat gene do not.

As mentioned above, dominant pats are also called "striped pats" because they often have a broad band-like feather that lacks melanin across their chests. . This kind of parrot looks very cute, and the market price is often higher. The clearer the stripe border and the more symmetrical pattern, the more expensive the budgerigar is. But now, with the continuous selection and replacement of breeders, budgies with this appearance have become extremely common and unique.

02 History of Overt Pattery

Many documented cases of Patt or mottled pattern occurred in the UK, continental Europe and Australia in the 1920s and early 1930s, but very few Few valid breeding records or detailed physical description records were found. The earliest report of the Australian Pat's Budgie came from a bird in the hands of W G Bowden. It had Pat's pattern on its neck, and the breeding records clearly showed a dominant inheritance pattern. According to the information, Mr. Bowden began to own this bird in 1931, or he may have bred it himself in 1931. The exact origin of this bird is not yet known.

This bird is a bright green male budgie, but there is a yellow patch on the back of the head and rump, and there is also a 1/4-inch wide yellow stripe. Extend from the end of the wings to the chest area. Records state that several of the flight feathers were yellow and white.

This male bird paired with another female bird in 1933 and gave birth to 3 broods, giving birth to a total of 14 chicks, 5 of which had yellow feathers on their necks. This may be the first record in history of either the Bright-feathered Pat or the Australian Pat, but it is currently impossible to determine which type of Pat gene it is based on descriptions of these parrots.

At that time, there were also reports of Pat parrots in Germany, which were bred separately by Herr Krabbe and Herr Schucke. Mrs. Lecallier of France, G Wilson and T L S Dooley of England also bred Pie parrots. Parrots have also been reported in the Netherlands and Scotland. But their detailed description and mode of inheritance are unknown.

Today’s Australian Pat gene is believed to be a descendant of a bloodline in Sydney in 1935, bred by Keith lngs. These budgies were first imported to the UK in August 1957. Mr A M Cooper of Caerleon, South Wales, bought two of them, one of which was a green Pat and a gray Pat, both from cloth. The cock was bought from a trader in Risto. Most of the British budgies with the Australian Pat gene at that time were descendants of Mr. Cooper's parrot bloodline.

03 Dominant Pat Gene

Australian Pat The gene is dominantly inherited relative to the wild type, so it can also be called dominant Pat, but the genetic penetration rate is less than 100%. Whether it is a single-gene Australian Pat or a double-gene Australian Pat, it can show the characteristics of Pat. Directly determine whether it is a single gene or a double gene by its appearance. Pat's patterns vary widely, from no melanin loss at all, to only one or two melanin-deficient feathers all over the body, or to melanin loss all over the body. Generally, the area of ​​melanin loss in the feathers of male birds is larger than that of female birds.

The Australian Pat gene is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and no association with other existing genes has been found.

At present, there is still no unified name for the gene name. Here, "Pa+" is used as the name of the wild-type gene locus of Australian Pat, and "Pa" is used as the name of the Australian Pat allele.

The factors that govern the degree and distribution of residual pigmentation are not yet clear. Because the Australian Pat gene budgies will be more obvious in male birds, generally speaking, the range of pigment loss is greater than in female birds. , suggesting that at least some factors may be related to gender.

Unlike the bright-feathered Pat gene, the combination of the Australian Pat and the recessive Pat cannot produce a dark-eyed bright-feathered Pat.