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The Collie breed is a big family, and everyone is familiar with the Su Mu, Australian Mu, Ancient Mu, German Shepherd, Shetland, Border Collie, etc. all belong to this dog family, which means that they are closely related dog breeds.

However, their breed of dogs has a very important medication contraindication due to genetic problems. Today, Edinburgh will talk to you about this precaution.

[Problems with the MDR1 gene]

The ancestors of modern shepherd dogs can basically be traced back to the Victorian era in the 18th century. The modern dog breeds evolved from the dogs at that time. Including Collies such as Border Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs, and Scottish Shepherds, as well as dog breeds such as Australian Shepherds that are related to them.

Due to genetic reasons, the above-mentioned dog breeds commonly have a problem of mutation or deletion of a multidrug resistance gene called the "MDR1 gene". This problem will cause the dog's body to be unable to synthesize a A substance called "P-glycoprotein", and P-glycoprotein is a component used to separate drugs and drug metabolites that enter the brain. Therefore, when there is a problem with the multidrug resistance gene, the drugs that enter the brain cannot be metabolized. This results in drug deposition, resulting in excessive drug concentration in the brain leading to brain poisoning or even death.

Back to the topic, drugs all have their own pharmacological toxicity. Appropriate doses can cure diseases, but excessive doses can become poisons, so there is a question of safe dosage. Dogs with multidrug resistance gene problems are 200 times more sensitive to the doses of those specific drugs than dogs without the problem. Therefore, the normal dosage of certain drugs for dogs with multi-drug resistance genes is far beyond their body's tolerance, leading to poisoning or even death, which is very dangerous.

People who are known to have the above problems Dog breeds include: Australian Shepherd, Miniature Australian Shepherd, Ancient Shepherd, Sumerian Shepherd, Shetland, German Shepherd (except short-haired German Shepherd), long-haired Whippet, McNab (a dog that looks like a short-haired Border Collie), Border Collie, and Some other dog breeds.

Of course, not every dog ​​in the above-mentioned dog breeds has MDR1 gene deletion or mutation problems. They have a carrier probability, such as Australian Shepherd/Mini Australian Shepherd up to 50%, Border Collie about 5%, and Shetland Sheepdog. About 15%, Ancient Shepherd 5%, Long-haired Whippet 50%, German Shepherd 10%, etc. Of course, the highest one is Su Mu, which can reach up to 70%.

[Symptoms of Poisoning]

The problem of multidrug resistance genes causes dogs to be unable to metabolize the toxicity of specific drugs, allowing the toxicity of the drugs to affect the brain, so in essence, it is poisoning.

The symptoms produced are also symptoms of neurotoxicity. Depending on the type and dosage of the drug, there will be different severity: salivation, groaning, difficulty moving, trembling, diarrhea, loss of appetite/anorexia, vomiting , curling up, dilated pupils, drowsiness, paralyzed tongue sticking out, epilepsy, coma and even death.

[Edinburgh Border Collie Reminder]: Once such a situation occurs, there is no specific treatment. It can only relieve the symptoms of neurological poisoning. The damage to the dog’s brain is irreversible, which is very serious. Danger.

(Cats and dogs animal mites Commonly used drugs for dermatosis: Ivermectin, which is a banned drug for Collies)

[Drug Blacklist]

Due to rigorous considerations, the following drugs include most of them Dangerous drugs for dogs with multi-drug resistance genes include veterinary drugs that may be prescribed by veterinarians, but also include human drugs, plant drugs, etc. Most of the latter drugs are not for dogs or are not available in China. Or dogs will rarely use them in their lives, but they may appear in your home medicine cabinet or garden medicines, so don’t panic when you see such a long list.

(For the names of Western medicines, Edinburgh Border Collie has tried its best to translate and search and add aliases, especially Chinese names, and organized and noted the uses of the medicines to make it easier to remember and search. If there are any imperfections Please understand. )

[Edinburgh Border Collie reminds you]: The detailed descriptions at the front are common and commonly used drugs, which require special attention. And when the doctor prescribes medicine, remind him of this characteristic of the Collie to prevent the doctor from being negligent.

Ivermectin: a widely used anthelmintic drug and the most notorious taboo drug in border grazing circles. This drug is extremely versatile and is an antiparasitic drug. It is often used by pet doctors to treat common parasitic diseases such as mites. Pay attention to the various Chinese names of vests.

Levamisole Hydrochloride Tablets: This medicine also contains ivermectin, but it is not marked on the description (an act that kills dogs), so pet doctors often do not necessarily know that this medicine contains ivermectin. The composition of the bacterium and the cause of the dog’s death are unknown.

(Anthelmintics for dogs : Big Pet, the main ingredient is selamectin, which is also a banned drug for Collies)

Selamectin (Big Pet/Silamectin/Selamectin): anthelmintic drug, among which The drug produced by Pfizer, which is called Da Chong Ai in Chinese, is the most famous. The product is packaged as "revolution" in Asia and "Stronghold" in Europe. The drug is absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Although it is claimed that it can be used on Collies, However, after actual use, some border collies with multi-drug resistance gene problems will still show symptoms of poisoning. Generally, the symptoms are mild, but it is recommended to use with caution. Other medicines containing the same ingredients should be treated similarly.

Doramectin/Tongmi: It is also a commonly used anthelmintic drug for dogs. Tongmi may be the name that most people know.

(Imported mite medicine: Pfizer’s Doramectin from the United States, also called Tongmixin, is also a banned drug for Collies)

Domperidone/Motilin: digestive medicine, cut Don't give your dog a pill of domperid just because he's full, otherwise something may happen!

Dexamethasone: anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug. Anti-inflammatories only relieve symptoms, not truly treat them. Anti-allergy also achieves anti-allergic effects by inhibiting antibody synthesis, while also reducing the animal's ability to resist infection. Therefore, this drug is only used to relieve symptoms and must be treated with other effective drugs.

Abamectin/avermectin/Aifudin: bactericidal, insecticidal and acaricidal drugs, commonly used in pesticides and insecticides.

(Abamectin is also one of the commonly used anthelmintic drugs and is also a banned drug for Collies)

In addition to the above-mentioned more commonly used dog drugs, there are also the following other less commonly used drugs: Medications, some even for human use, should be stored well as a border collie owner to prevent dogs from accidentally eating them.

Moxidectin/moxidectin (anthelmintics for livestock and animals), loperamide/Imodium (antidiarrheal drugs), erythromycin/adamycin (antibacterial drugs) , tetracycline (antibacterial drug), levofloxacin/clobital (antibacterial drug), gpafloxacin (antibacterial drug), doxycycline (antibacterial drug), ketoconazole/piconon (antibacterial drug), itraconazole /Sporanol (antifungal infection drug), acepromazine/acepromazine maleate (narcotic sedative), morphine (analgesic anesthetic), vecuronium bromide/Xianlin (auxiliary drug for general anesthesia), quinine Nitin/isoquinine/isoquinine (antiarrhythmic drug), amitriptyline (depression treatment drug), doxorubicin/doxorubicin (anticancer and antitumor drug), docetaxel/docetaxel PAF (anti-tumor and anti-cancer drug), etoposide/ethoposide (anti-tumor drug), vinblastine (anti-tumor drug), vincristine (anti-tumor drug), diltiazem/Hexinshuang (cardiovascular drugs), verapamil/verapamil (cardio-cerebrovascular drugs), cyclosporine/cyclosporine A/sandiamine (anti-rejection drugs for transplantation), cyclosporine/cyclosporine (anti-rejection drugs for transplantation) (anti-allergic drug), terfenadine (anti-allergic drug), methylprednisolone/methylprednisolone (anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic drug), milbemycin (domestically used as a pesticide, the same ingredient in pet anthelmintic drugs abroad is called Trifexis ), talinolol (component in human blood?), ondansetron (chemotherapy drug), actinomycin D/dactinomycin (chemotherapy drug), tacrolimus/FK506/prex ( Immunosuppressive drugs), cortisol/hydrocortisone (anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive drugs), aldosterone (hormone in the human body that regulates blood volume), digoxin (cardiac insufficiency drugs), butorphanol/bufuran (Analgesics) etc.

[No multidrug resistance Are dogs with genetic problems safe?]

The answer is no. Even if a dog has no problem with the MDR1 gene, when using the above drugs, if the following drugs are also used at the same time, the same drug toxicity and inability to metabolize will occur. .

[Edinburgh Border Collie reminds you]: The following drugs [cannot] be used at the same time as the drugs in the above list. Note that they are for all breeds of dogs! !

Amiodarone, bromocriptine, carvedilol, chlorpromazine, cyclosporine, erythromycin, fluoxetine, grapefruit juice, itraconazole, ketoconazole, Methadone, nicardipine, paroxetine, pentazocine, quinidine, St. John's wort, tacrolimus, tamoxifen, verapamil.

Of course, we cannot stop eating because of choking and go to a professional pet hospital for treatment. As the owners pay attention to themselves, the tragedy of using the wrong medicine can be completely avoided.

In addition, whether your dog has MDR1 gene problems can be determined through genetic testing. If there are no problems in the genetic testing, then there will be no blacklisted drug contraindications mentioned above, and it can be treated with other ordinary drugs. All dog breeds should take the same medication normally.

Although the carrying rate of MDR1 gene problems in Border Collies is only 5%, which is relatively low among Collies, before testing is conducted to determine safety, they must be treated as having MDR1 gene problems by default. Ban all drugs on the blacklist!